Techmiya Tutorials Certification:Complete all 100 Git & GitHub units + 15 Practical Labs + score 31/50 on Final Assessment to earn verified PDF certificate!Take Assessment

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Hands-On Engineering Practice

Interactive Practical Labs

Complete these 15 industry-grade simulated lab scenarios. Every lab includes starting state, commands, expected outputs, verification steps, and troubleshooting.

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All 15 required for certification

Lab #1•Fundamentals•Beginner

Create a Repository and Make the First Commit

Scenario & Objective:

You are starting a brand new portfolio project 'my-portfolio' and want to initialize a Git repository to version control your project from day one.

Prerequisites:

•Git installed
•User name and email configured (`git config --global user.name` & `user.email`)

Starting State:

An empty directory named `my-portfolio` with no prior Git initialization.

Interactive Step-by-Step Command Walkthrough

Step 1: Creates a project folder and enters it.

Terminal Step #1

mkdir my-portfolio && cd my-portfolio

Step 2: Initializes a hidden `.git` folder that tracks repository history.

Terminal Step #2

git init

Expected Output / State:

Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/dev/my-portfolio/.git/

Step 3: Creates an initial README markdown file in the working directory.

Terminal Step #3

echo '# My Portfolio' > README.md

Step 4: Checks file states; shows README.md as untracked in red.

Terminal Step #4

git status

Expected Output / State:

On branch main

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
	README.md

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

Step 5: Moves README.md from working directory into the staging area (index).

Terminal Step #5

git add README.md

Step 6: Records snapshot of staged changes into permanent Git history.

Terminal Step #6

git commit -m "feat: initial commit with README"

Expected Output / State:

[main (root-commit) 4a7c19f] feat: initial commit with README
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 README.md

Expected Result & Verification:

A clean Git repository on branch `main` with 1 commit in history.

Verification Checklist:

✓Run `git status` -> Should output 'nothing to commit, working tree clean'.
✓Run `git log --oneline` -> Should display commit hash `4a7c19f` and message 'feat: initial commit with README'.

Troubleshooting Common Lab Gotchas

Issue: Author identity unknown error during commit.

Solution: Run `git config --global user.email 'you@example.com'` and `git config --global user.name 'Your Name'`.

Issue: Branch defaults to 'master' instead of 'main'.

Solution: Run `git branch -M main` or configure default: `git config --global init.defaultBranch main`.

Completion Criteria: Repository initialized, README staged, and root commit recorded cleanly.