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Techmiya Tutorials Certification:Take Assessment
Official Techmiya Tutorials Certification Path

Git & GitHub: Beginner to Advanced

A comprehensive, industry-relevant curriculum designed for learners from absolute non-IT backgrounds to experienced software engineers. Master terminal version control, branching strategies, merge conflicts, pull request reviews, CI/CD automation, and repository security.

Curriculum
100 Units
Across 7 structured levels
Practical Labs
15 Labs
Hands-on walkthroughs
Est. Time
~30 Hours
Estimated duration
Assessment
50 Marks
Passing score: 31/50
Curriculum Units Completed
0/1000%
Practical Labs Completed
0/150%
Certification Status:
3 requirement(s) pending
Check Eligibility
L1

Level 1 — Foundations

What version control is, terminal basics, Git vs GitHub, first configuration, and your first commit.

0/14 completed
~201 mins total
1
Unit #112m

What is Version Control & Why Every Developer Needs It

Imagine writing a long book. If you accidentally delete chapter 3, or want to compare how your story sounded last Tuesday compared to today, you need a time machine. Version control is that time machine for code.

Version Control SystemsHistory TrackingRollback Capability
2
Unit #215m

Centralized vs. Distributed Version Control (CVCS vs. DVCS)

In old centralized systems, there was only one master library in the cloud. If the library's internet went down, nobody could read or save work. In Git, every developer has the entire library in their pocket.

SVNPerforceGit Architecture
3
Unit #315m

Problems Solved by Git in Modern Engineering Teams

Before Git, sharing code meant emailing zip files, manually merging changed lines, and guessing who broke the login screen. Git automates tracking and integrity checking.

Code ConflictsBlame TrackingAudit Logs
4
Unit #412m

Git vs. GitHub: Demystifying the Confusion

Git is the engine in your car. GitHub is the global highway network, parking garage, and car enthusiast community where you share your journeys.

Git CLIGitHub CloudGitLab & Bitbucket
5
Unit #515m

Installing Git on Windows, macOS, and Linux

To speak Git, your computer's terminal needs to have the Git dictionary installed. We install the official binary package for your operating system.

Git for WindowsGit BashHomebrew
6
Unit #615m

Terminal Basics & Navigating Folders for Non-IT Learners

The terminal is simply a text-based File Explorer. Instead of double-clicking folders with a mouse, you tell the computer where to go with short keyboard words.

CLI vs GUIpwdls / dir
7
Unit #715m

First-Time Git Configuration (`user.name`, `user.email`, `init.defaultBranch`)

Every time you save a snapshot in Git, Git writes your name and email on it. You must tell Git who you are once, so your team knows who wrote each feature.

git configGlobal vs LocalAuthor Attribution
8
Unit #812m

Git Line Ending Configuration (`core.autocrlf` for Cross-Platform Teams)

Windows and Mac/Linux hit 'Enter' differently. If unconfigured, opening a file on Windows makes Git think every single line in the entire file changed, creating huge fake diffs.

CRLF vs LFWindows vs Linuxcore.autocrlf
9
Unit #915m

Creating a Project Folder & Initializing a Repository (`git init`)

Running `git init` wakes up Git and creates a secret management office (the `.git` folder) inside your project. From that moment on, Git watches the folder.

git init.git DirectoryRepository Initialization
10
Unit #1018m

The Three Trees Architecture: Working Directory, Staging Area & Repository

Think of your project like a package shipment. Working Directory is your messy desk. The Staging Area is the cardboard shipping box where you place only what you want to send. The Repository is the sealed, stamped shipment stored in the archive.

Working DirectoryIndex / Staging AreaHEAD / Commit History
11
Unit #1112m

Inspecting Repository State with `git status`

`git status` is your project dashboard. Whenever you sit down at your desk or wonder 'what was I doing?', run `git status` first.

git statusShort FormatBranch Information
12
Unit #1215m

Staging Changes with `git add` and Pathspecs

`git add` lets you choose exactly which pieces of work are ready to be saved into the next milestone snapshot.

git addPathspecsgit add .
13
Unit #1315m

Creating Snapshots with `git commit` & Writing Meaningful Commit Messages

A commit is a permanent milestone snapshot. Once committed, you can always travel back in time to this exact second in your project's history.

git commitCommit MessagesAtomic Commits
14
Unit #1415m

Configuring `.gitignore` & Protecting Secrets from Version Control

Some files never belong in Git: private database passwords, temporary test logs, or massive 500MB dependency folders. `.gitignore` tells Git: 'Ignore these completely.'

.gitignoreIgnored Patternsnode_modules
L2

Level 2 — Essential Git Commands

Inspecting history, diffs, safe file recovery, tracked file management, reset, and revert.

0/14 completed
~203 mins total
15
Unit #1515m

Viewing Differences with `git diff` (Working Tree vs Staging vs HEAD)

`git diff` shows the exact words you changed before you save them. It highlights what you added in green and what you removed in red.

git diffgit diff --stagedgit diff HEAD
16
Unit #1615m

Inspecting Commit History with `git log` and Formatting Flags

`git log` is your project diary. It lists every save milestone that was ever created, who made it, and when.

git loggit log --onelinegit log --graph
17
Unit #1712m

Deep Inspection with `git show` (Analyzing Commits, Trees, and Blobs)

`git log` lists all commits like a chapter list in a book. `git show` opens one specific chapter and lets you read every word that was edited in it.

git showCommit InspectionObject Inspection
18
Unit #1815m

Safe File Recovery with `git restore` (Working Tree vs Staged Restoration)

Made a typo or broke something that used to work? `git restore` resets the file back to your last saved milestone, wiping away messy unsaved experiments.

git restoregit restore --stagedDiscarding Changes
19
Unit #1912m

Removing Tracked Files with `git rm` (Disk Removal vs Cached Untracking)

If you just delete a file with your mouse, Git notices it is missing. `git rm` tells Git: 'I deliberately deleted this file, please stage the deletion for the next commit.'

git rmgit rm --cachedUntracking Files
20
Unit #2012m

Renaming & Moving Files with `git mv` & Git's Heuristic Rename Tracking

When you rename a file using `git mv old.js new.js`, Git understands that the file simply changed names, so your commit history follows along with it.

git mvRename DetectionSimilarity Index
21
Unit #2120m

Understanding `git reset` (Soft vs Mixed vs Hard: The Critical Differences)

`git reset` moves your project's time machine backwards. `--soft` undoes the commit but keeps your code staged. `--mixed` keeps your code in your editor. `--hard` throws your changes in the trash.

git reset --softgit reset --mixedgit reset --hard
22
Unit #2215m

Undoing Safely on Shared Branches with `git revert`

Instead of erasing history from the past, `git revert` adds a brand new commit that does the exact opposite of the bad commit. Like depositing $100 to fix an accidental $100 withdrawal.

git revertSafe UndoingShared Branches
23
Unit #2315m

Understanding HEAD, Commit References, and Caret/Tilde Ancestry Syntax

HEAD is Git's 'You Are Here' pin on the map. As you switch branches or make commits, the pin moves along with you.

HEAD Pointer.git/HEADTilde Syntax HEAD~
24
Unit #2415m

Amending the Latest Commit with `git commit --amend`

Forgot to include one file, or made a spelling mistake in your commit message? `--amend` lets you slip changes into your last commit as if you did it right the first time.

git commit --amend--no-editFixing Typos
25
Unit #2515m

Lightweight and Annotated Tags with `git tag` & Semantic Versioning

Tags are permanent bookmarks for important milestones in your project, like releasing 'Version 1.0.0'. Unlike branch pointers, tags never move when new commits are added.

git tagAnnotated TagsLightweight Tags
26
Unit #2615m

Working with Multiple Files & Staging Logical Change Sets

Don't dump a whole week's work into one giant commit. Group your files into logical stories: one commit for database models, one for API routes, and one for UI styling.

Atomic CommitsPartial StagingPathspecs
27
Unit #2715m

Discarding Changes vs Creating New History: Safety Decision Matrix

Some Git commands build new safety nets, while others erase files from existence. Always ask: 'Have I pushed this yet, and do I have uncommitted work?' before running reset or clean.

Destructive CommandsSafe CommandsDecision Matrix
28
Unit #2812m

Git Clean: Safely Removing Untracked Files and Build Artifacts (`git clean -fd`)

When your folder fills up with temporary test files, compiled junk, or downloads that Git doesn't track, `git clean` wipes the slate clean.

git cleanDry Run -nRemoving Untracked Files
L3

Level 3 — Branching and Merging

Fast-forward vs 3-way merges, merge conflict anatomy and resolution, rebasing, stash, and cherry-pick.

0/15 completed
~239 mins total
29
Unit #2915m

What Branches Are and Why They Are Virtually Free in Git

A branch in Git isn't a duplicate copy of your entire hard drive. It's just a tiny sticky note with a commit hash written on it. Creating a branch takes less than 1 millisecond.

Branch PointersRefsLightweight Branches
30
Unit #3015m

Modern Branch Switching with `git switch` vs Legacy `git checkout`

Before Git 2.23, `git checkout` was used for everything: switching branches, making branches, and discarding files. `git switch` is the clear, dedicated command just for branches.

git switchgit switch -cLegacy git checkout
31
Unit #3115m

Creating and Managing Branches (`git branch`, List, Rename, Delete)

Branches are cheap, but after you finish a feature and merge it, clean up your old branches so your list doesn't become cluttered.

git branchBranch ListingRenaming -m
32
Unit #3212m

Branch Naming Conventions in Professional Teams

Naming your branch `my-stuff` tells nobody what you are working on. Naming it `feature/104-user-profile` lets everyone on the team know immediately.

Branch NamingPrefixesJira / GitHub Issues Integration
33
Unit #3315m

Integrating Changes with `git merge` (Understanding Fast-Forward Merges)

When you finish work on your feature branch and `main` hasn't had any new commits while you were working, Git simply fast-forwards the `main` pointer forward. No conflicts, no hassle.

git mergeFast-ForwardLinear History
34
Unit #3418m

Three-Way Merges & The Merge Base Commit

When both you and your teammate made new commits at the same time, Git looks back to find the last point in time where you both agreed (the Common Ancestor), and intelligently weaves the changes together.

3-Way MergeMerge BaseCommon Ancestor
35
Unit #3518m

Merge Conflicts Explained: Anatomy of Conflict Markers

A merge conflict isn't an error or a crash. It's simply Git raising its hand and saying: 'Two people edited the exact same line in two different ways. I don't know who is right, so you decide!'

Merge ConflictsConflict Markers<<<<<<< HEAD
36
Unit #3620m

Resolving Merge Conflicts Step-by-Step with Verification

To fix a conflict: 1. Open the file. 2. Choose the correct code. 3. Delete the marker lines. 4. Run `git add <file>`. 5. Run `git commit`.

Conflict Resolutiongit addResolving Markers
37
Unit #3710m

Aborting Merges Safely with `git merge --abort`

If a merge conflict looks terrifying, confusing, or touches files you don't understand, don't guess! Run `git merge --abort` and Git rewinds time as if you never attempted the merge.

git merge --abortMerge SafetyUndoing Active Merges
38
Unit #3815m

Deleting Merged vs. Unmerged Branches & Remote Pruning (`git fetch --prune`)

When a teammate deletes a feature branch on GitHub after merging their PR, your local Git still remembers the old branch name until you run `git fetch --prune` to sweep away the ghost branches.

git branch -dgit branch -Dgit fetch --prune
39
Unit #3918m

Rebasing Fundamentals: Moving the Branch Base Point

Imagine you started writing a chapter based on version 1 of a book. While you were writing, the author published version 2. Rebasing picks up your chapter and rewrites it as if you started from version 2 all along.

git rebaseRebase MechanicsLinear History
40
Unit #4018m

Merge vs. Rebase: The Great Debate & Team Strategy Guidelines

`merge` preserves the exact messy truth of what happened and when. `rebase` tells a clean, beautiful story. Use rebase on your own private laptop work; use merge once you share work with teammates.

Merge vs RebaseThe Golden Rule of RebasingTrunk-Based Development
41
Unit #4120m

Interactive Rebase (`git rebase -i`): Squashing, Rewording, and Reordering

While building a feature, you might make 10 messy commits ('fixed typo', 'test again', 'finally works'). Interactive rebase lets you squash all 10 into 1 beautiful, professional commit before your boss reviews it.

git rebase -isquash / fixupreword
42
Unit #4215m

Cherry-Picking Commits with `git cherry-pick`

Imagine you are at an ice cream shop with 30 flavors. Instead of ordering the whole shop, you point to just one scoop of strawberry. Cherry-pick grabs just ONE specific commit from another branch without merging anything else.

git cherry-pickSelective Commit CopyingHotfixes
43
Unit #4315m

Stashing Unfinished Work with `git stash` & Restoring with `pop`/`apply`

You're in the middle of writing code when your boss says 'Quick, check this bug on main!'. You don't want to make an ugly unfinished commit. `git stash` puts your work in a drawer so your desk is clean, and you can take it back out later.

git stashgit stash popgit stash apply
L4

Level 4 — GitHub Fundamentals

Remote repositories, SSH authentication, pushing, pulling, forks, markdown READMEs, and GitHub Pages.

0/15 completed
~244 mins total
44
Unit #4415m

What GitHub Provides Beyond Git (Ecosystem Overview)

Git is your local engine. GitHub is the global airport: with air traffic control (Pull Requests), passenger manifests (Issue trackers), automated maintenance hangars (GitHub Actions), and passport security (Dependabot & Secret Scanning).

GitHub EcosystemCode ReviewIssue Tracking
45
Unit #4512m

Creating a GitHub Account, Organizations, and Profiles

Your GitHub profile is your modern software engineering resume. Recruiters, tech leads, and open-source contributors look at your GitHub profile to see your code, contributions, and project documentation.

GitHub ProfilesOrganizations vs AccountsProfile README
46
Unit #4615m

Public vs. Private Repositories & Open Source Licenses (MIT, Apache, GPL)

Public means anyone on earth can read your code. Private means only people you invite can see it. A license tells people legally what they are allowed to do with your code (commercial use, modifications, redistribution).

Public ReposPrivate ReposMIT License
47
Unit #4720m

Modern GitHub Authentication: SSH Keys vs. Personal Access Tokens (PATs)

You cannot type your regular website password into Git anymore. Instead, you create a digital key (SSH key) on your laptop and give GitHub the matching lock, or use a secure token.

SSH Keysed25519Personal Access Tokens (PAT)
48
Unit #4815m

Connecting a Local Repository to GitHub with `git remote add`

You built a project on your laptop. Now you tell Git: 'Whenever I say upload, send my code to this specific web address on GitHub.' We name this address 'origin'.

git remote addoriginRemote URLs
49
Unit #4915m

Uploading Changes with `git push` & Setting Upstream Tracking (`-u`)

Committing only saves code on your laptop. `git push` uploads those saved commits over the internet to GitHub so the world (or your team) can see them.

git push-u / --set-upstreamUpstream Tracking
50
Unit #5018m

Downloading Remote Changes: `git fetch` vs. `git pull` in Depth

`git fetch` looks at GitHub and asks: 'Did anyone do new work?' and downloads the changes into a preview room without touching your files. `git pull` downloads AND immediately merges them into your active files.

git fetchgit pullFETCH_HEAD
51
Unit #5115m

Cloning Remote Repositories with `git clone` & Shallow Clones (`--depth 1`)

`git clone` downloads an entire project from GitHub onto your computer, including every single past commit, branch, and file since day one.

git cloneShallow Clones --depth 1Blobless Clones
52
Unit #5218m

Forking Repositories on GitHub & The Open-Source Contribution Model

You cannot directly change code in Google's or Microsoft's repositories. Forking makes an exact copy of their project inside YOUR GitHub account. You make your improvements in your copy, and then send a Pull Request asking them to adopt your changes.

GitHub ForkUpstream vs OriginOpen Source Contributing
53
Unit #5315m

Writing Professional README Files with GitHub-Flavored Markdown (GFM)

A project without a README is like a product in a blank cardboard box with no manual. A great README tells visitors what your project does, how to install it, and why it's awesome within 30 seconds.

README.mdGFM SyntaxBadges (Shields.io)
54
Unit #5418m

GitHub Issues, Labels, Milestones & Project Boards (Kanban)

Issues are your project's to-do list and bug report tracking center. Project boards let you drag and drop issue cards across columns like sticky notes on a whiteboard.

GitHub IssuesIssue TemplatesLabels (bug, enhancement)
55
Unit #5520m

The Pull Request Lifecycle: From Creation to Review and Merge

A Pull Request says: 'Hey team, I finished this feature in my branch. Please review my code, test it, and pull it into main if you approve.'

Pull Request LifecycleBase vs Head BranchPR Descriptions
56
Unit #5618m

Conducting Code Reviews & Leaving Actionable Line-by-Line Suggestions

Code review isn't about criticizing your teammates; it's about making the code stronger together. You can even suggest the exact fix right inside the comment so they can accept it with one click.

Code Review EtiquetteInline Comments```suggestion Blocks
57
Unit #5715m

Mastering GitHub Flow: The Industry-Standard Branching Strategy

GitHub Flow is simple: 1. `main` is always working and deployable. 2. When you want to build something, branch off `main`. 3. Make commits. 4. Open a PR. 5. Once approved and tested, merge into `main` and deploy.

GitHub FlowTrunk-Based DevelopmentFeature Branches
58
Unit #5815m

Publishing Static Websites for Free with GitHub Pages

GitHub gives every developer free web hosting. You put your HTML, CSS, and images in a repository, flip a switch in Settings, and GitHub gives you a live public URL (e.g., `username.github.io/my-site`).

GitHub PagesStatic Hostinggh-pages Branch
L5

Level 5 — Collaboration and Real Projects

Contributing workflows, branch protection rules, CODEOWNERS, conventional commits, and team governance.

0/15 completed
~266 mins total
59
Unit #5918m

Contributing to an Existing Repository: The Professional Workflow

Joining a team codebase is like visiting a new friend's house. You don't rearrange their furniture without asking. You read their rules (`CONTRIBUTING.md`), wipe your shoes (run tests), and ask before making big changes.

Contribution GuidelinesCONTRIBUTING.mdBranching Strategy
60
Unit #6018m

Managing Remote Upstreams & Keeping Local Branches in Sync

While you're working on your feature for three days, your teammates have already merged 20 other features into the main project. Syncing upstream keeps your laptop up to date so there are no surprises.

Upstream Syncgit fetch upstreamSyncing Forks
61
Unit #6120m

Configuring GitHub Branch Protection Rules (Require PRs, Passing CI, Linear History)

Branch protection is a digital bouncer at the door of your `main` branch. It physically disables the merge button unless all tests pass and a senior developer signs off.

Branch ProtectionRequire ApprovalsRequired Status Checks
62
Unit #6215m

Code Owners (`CODEOWNERS`): Automatically Assigning Specialized Reviewers

If someone changes the database or billing code, you want the billing specialist to review it automatically. `CODEOWNERS` is a rulebook that says: 'If you touch this folder, ask this person for approval.'

CODEOWNERS filePath MappingAutomated Reviewers
63
Unit #6318m

Conventional Commits in Team Workflows (`feat`, `fix`, `docs`, `chore`, `refactor`)

Instead of writing whatever comes to mind, teams use a shared grammar: `feat:` for new features, `fix:` for bug fixes, `docs:` for documentation. Computers can read this and automatically write release notes!

Conventional CommitsSemantic Releasefeat / fix / chore / docs
64
Unit #6415m

Creating Pull Request Templates (`.github/pull_request_template.md`)

When someone opens a new Pull Request, GitHub automatically fills their text box with your template questions: 'What did you change? Did you run tests? Did you include screenshots?'

PR TemplatesChecklistsTesting Instructions
65
Unit #6515m

Creating Structured Issue Templates (`.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/*.yml`)

Instead of letting users submit a blank issue saying 'Broken', Issue Forms give them neat text fields, dropdown menus, and checkboxes so you get the exact information needed to fix bugs.

Issue FormsYAML Form SchemasBug Reports vs Feature Requests
66
Unit #6615m

Writing Constructive, Empathetic Code Review Comments

A great code reviewer critiques the code, never the person. Instead of 'You wrote bad code', say: 'Could we handle the empty list case here to avoid an unhandled error? Here is an idea: ...'

Code Review EmpathyNitpicks vs BlockersQuestion vs Demand
67
Unit #6720m

Multi-Contributor Conflict Resolution & Handling Divergent Pushes

When two developers work on the same file at the same time, Git will flag a conflict. The key to resolving it is talking to your teammate to agree on how both features should fit together.

Divergent BranchesTeam CollaborationMerge Strategies
68
Unit #6818m

Fixing Rejected Pushes Gracefully with Rebase

When you try to push your work, Git says 'Wait! Your teammate pushed code 5 minutes ago that you don't have yet.' Instead of making an ugly merge bubble, `git pull --rebase` slides your new commits neatly on top.

Rejected Push! [rejected]git pull --rebase
69
Unit #6920m

Recovering from Common Collaboration Failures (Accidental Commits & Wrong Branch)

We've all done it: you spent 2 hours writing code, committed it, and suddenly realized: 'Oh no, I'm on main, not on my feature branch!'. You can move those commits to a feature branch in 3 easy commands.

Accidental CommitsCommitted to Wrong BranchMoving Commits
70
Unit #7018m

Managing Large Teams: Permissions, Roles, and Repository Governance

In a company with 100 people, not everyone should have the power to delete repositories or change billing. Junior developers get Write access; project managers get Triage access; team leads get Admin access.

GitHub RolesRead / Triage / Write / Maintain / AdminLeast Privilege
71
Unit #7118m

Git Hooks Architecture: Client-Side vs. Server-Side Hooks

Git hooks are automated scripts that trigger at key moments. For example, a `pre-commit` hook automatically checks your code for syntax errors before allowing you to commit. If an error is found, Git stops you.

.git/hooksClient Hooks (pre-commit, commit-msg)Server Hooks (pre-receive)
72
Unit #7218m

Automating Code Quality with Husky and `lint-staged`

Because default `.git/hooks` aren't shared when teammates clone a repo, Husky puts your hooks inside the project. Every time you commit, it automatically formats your code with Prettier and checks for linter errors in 1 second.

Huskylint-stagedPrettier & ESLint
73
Unit #7320m

Designing a Production-Ready Team Git & GitHub Release Workflow

A professional engineering workflow connects everything you learned: developer branches off main, opens a PR with templates, passes CI tests, gets peer reviews, merges with Squash, and triggers automatic deployment to customers.

Release ArchitectureEnvironments (Dev, Staging, Prod)Semantic Versioning
L6

Level 6 — GitHub Actions and Automation

CI/CD concepts, YAML workflows, events, runners, dependency caching, secrets, and matrix testing.

0/13 completed
~234 mins total
74
Unit #7415m

What CI/CD Means: Continuous Integration & Continuous Deployment

CI/CD is a robot assistant for your team. Every time you push code, the robot wakes up on a clean computer, downloads your code, runs your tests, and if everything passes, publishes your website to users automatically.

CI/CD ConceptsContinuous IntegrationContinuous Delivery
75
Unit #7518m

Understanding GitHub Actions Architecture: Workflows, Events, Jobs, Steps & Runners

An Event (like opening a PR) triggers a Workflow (recipe). The workflow starts Jobs (tasks), which run on Runners (virtual computers in the cloud). Inside each job are Steps (individual commands).

GitHub ActionsWorkflowsEvents (on:)
76
Unit #7620m

Anatomy of a Workflow YAML File (`.github/workflows/*.yml`)

A workflow file is written in YAML, a clean text format that looks like an outline with indentation. You give it a name, tell it when to run, pick a computer type, and list your terminal commands.

YAML Syntaxname:on:
77
Unit #7718m

Triggering Workflows on Push, Pull Request, Schedule, and Manual Dispatch

You don't want tests running when someone only edits a typo in the README. Event filters let you run tests only when files in `src/` change, or run security scans every Sunday night at midnight.

on: pushon: pull_requestschedule (cron)
78
Unit #7815m

Hosted Runners (`ubuntu-latest`, `windows`, `macos`) vs. Self-Hosted Runners

GitHub provides free cloud computers for your workflows: Ubuntu (Linux), Windows, and macOS. They are wiped clean after every run, so tests always run in a fresh, identical environment.

GitHub-Hosted Runnersubuntu-latestwindows-latest
79
Unit #7918m

Setting Up Node.js & Running Automated Tests (`actions/setup-node`)

To test your React or Next.js app in the cloud, the runner needs Node.js installed. `actions/setup-node` installs the exact version you need and caches your dependencies in seconds.

actions/setup-nodenpm ciAutomated Testing
80
Unit #8018m

Setting Up Python & Running Automated Tests (`actions/setup-python`, `pytest`)

For Python, Django, or Flask projects, `actions/setup-python` sets up Python on the cloud runner, installs your libraries, and runs `pytest` to make sure your backend logic is bulletproof.

actions/setup-pythonpip / poetry / pipenvpytest
81
Unit #8118m

Caching Dependencies (`actions/cache`) to Slash Execution Time

Downloading `node_modules` from scratch on every push takes 2 minutes. Caching saves your downloaded files in a cloud locker. If your lockfile didn't change, the runner grabs the locker in 3 seconds.

actions/cacheCache KeyshashFiles()
82
Unit #8218m

Uploading & Downloading Workflow Artifacts (`actions/upload-artifact`)

Because runners are destroyed after each job ends, any compiled files disappear. Artifacts are zipped packages saved to GitHub's storage that you can download or pass to another job.

Artifactsupload-artifact@v4download-artifact@v4
83
Unit #8320m

Managing Environment Variables & Encrypted Secrets (`${{ secrets.API_KEY }}`)

Never, ever hardcode passwords in your code or workflow files. Save them in GitHub's encrypted vault (Settings -> Secrets). In your workflow, you call them by nickname, and GitHub hides their values with `***` in all logs.

Encrypted SecretsRepository SecretsEnvironment Variables
84
Unit #8418m

Permissions & The Principle of Least Privilege in Workflows (`permissions:` Block)

Every workflow gets an automatic digital badge (`GITHUB_TOKEN`). If you don't restrict it, a malicious third-party script could use that badge to alter your code. Setting strict permissions ensures the badge can only do what's strictly necessary.

permissions: blockGITHUB_TOKENLeast Privilege
85
Unit #8520m

Matrix Builds: Testing Across Multiple OS & Language Versions Simultaneously

Instead of writing 9 separate workflows to test on Windows, Mac, and Linux across Node 18, 20, and 22, a Matrix Build lets you define the combinations in 3 lines and runs all 9 tests simultaneously in parallel.

strategy: matrixMulti-OS MatrixMulti-Version Matrix
86
Unit #8618m

Debugging Failed Workflows, Re-Running Jobs & Viewing Live Runner Logs

When a red X appears on your PR, don't guess! Click on the red X, open the failed step, and read the exact error message. You can even click 'Re-run failed jobs' once you push a fix.

Live Runner LogsRe-run Failed JobsDebug Logging (ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG)
L7

Level 7 — Advanced Git and Security

Git internals (objects, trees, blobs), reflog disaster recovery, submodules, LFS, GPG signatures, and security.

0/14 completed
~275 mins total
87
Unit #8720m

Git Internals Deep Dive: Objects, Blobs, Trees, and Commits

Under the hood, Git is really just a simple key-value database! Files are stored as Blobs, folders are stored as Trees, and snapshots are stored as Commits. The key is the SHA-1 hash, and the value is the compressed content.

Git Internals.git/objectsBlobs
88
Unit #8818m

The Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) & Cryptographic Hashing

A DAG means Git history moves forward in one direction with no time loops. Every commit points backwards to its parent. Changing even a single comma in a file from 3 years ago changes every single hash all the way up to today.

Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)Merkle TreeSHA-1 vs SHA-256 (Object Format)
89
Unit #8918m

Git Plumbing vs. Porcelain Commands (`cat-file`, `hash-object`, `ls-tree`)

Porcelain is the shiny user interface you touch every day: `commit`, `checkout`, `merge`. Plumbing is the internal pipes, valves, and gears underneath: `hash-object`, `cat-file`, `ls-tree`.

Porcelain (User-facing)Plumbing (Low-level)git hash-object
90
Unit #9018m

Resolving & Troubleshooting Detached HEAD States Safely

Usually, HEAD points to a branch name, which points to a commit. When you checkout a hash directly, HEAD points directly to the commit, bypassing the branch. It's safe to look around, but to save new work, give it a branch name!

Detached HEADChecking out Commit HashesOrphan Commits
91
Unit #9120m

Disaster Recovery: Finding & Restoring Lost Commits with `git reflog`

`git reflog` is Git's ultimate black-box flight recorder. Even if you run `git reset --hard` and think you deleted everything, reflog records every single step you took for the past 90 days. Almost nothing is ever truly lost.

git reflogReference LogsHEAD@{n}
92
Unit #9220m

Advanced Merge Strategies in Depth: `ort`, `recursive`, `ours`, `theirs`, `octopus`

Git has different brain algorithms for merging. The standard algorithm (`ort`) is lightning-fast. You can also give it hints like: 'If there's any conflict, always prefer my version' (`-X ours`).

ort Strategyrecursive StrategyStrategy Options (-X ours / -X theirs)
93
Unit #9320m

Submodules vs. Monorepos: Managing Multi-Repository Codebases

Submodules let you keep a Git repository as a subfolder inside another Git repository. It's pinned to an exact commit, so external updates don't unexpectedly break your app.

git submodule.gitmodulesSubmodule Initialization
94
Unit #9418m

Managing Large Files & Media Assets with Git LFS (Large File Storage)

Standard Git saves every version of every file forever. If you change a 1GB video 5 times, your repo becomes 5GB to download! Git LFS replaces the heavy file with a tiny 100-byte text ticket, storing the actual video in high-speed cloud storage.

Git LFS.gitattributesPointer Files
95
Unit #9520m

Digitally Signing Commits & Tags with GPG and SSH Keys (Verified Badge)

Did you know anyone can set their Git email to `elonmusk@tesla.com` and make it look like someone else made a commit? Cryptographic signing attaches a mathematical wax seal proving the commit genuinely came from your private key.

Signed CommitsVerified BadgeGPG Keys
96
Unit #9620m

Secrets Prevention & Credential Hygiene: git-secrets, Gitleaks, and TruffleHog

Automated scanner bots scan every single public commit on GitHub within 2 seconds of being pushed. If you commit an AWS key, bots will hijack your account and rack up $10,000 in bills in minutes. Prevention is critical.

Secret LeaksGitleaksTruffleHog
97
Unit #9720m

Emergency Secret Remediation: Cleaning Git History with `git-filter-repo`

If a secret was committed 6 months ago, you need a heavy industrial shredder that goes through all 500 past commits and cuts out that file from every past snapshot.

git-filter-repoBFG Repo-CleanerPurging Secrets from History
98
Unit #9820m

GitHub Advanced Security: Dependabot, Secret Scanning & CodeQL SAST

GitHub has automated security guards watching your repository 24/7. Dependabot opens PRs when your npm libraries have security flaws. Secret Scanning stops you if you accidentally paste a password. CodeQL scans your code for SQL injection bugs.

DependabotSecret ScanningCodeQL
99
Unit #9918m

Diagnosing & Optimizing Repository Performance (`git gc`, `git prune`, Packfiles)

Over time, creating thousands of commits creates lots of loose files. `git gc` is like defragmenting your hard drive: it compresses loose objects into compact packfiles, making Git operations 10x faster.

git gcPackfiles (.pack & .idx)Delta Compression
100
Unit #10025m

Final Capstone: Designing a Scalable Enterprise Git & GitHub Ecosystem

Congratulations on reaching Unit 100! You have traveled from understanding what a version is to mastering cryptographic DAG internals, team collaboration, CI/CD automation, and enterprise security. You are now fully prepared for the final 50-mark assessment and certification!

Enterprise ArchitectureBranching StrategySecurity Gates
Verified External Sources

Official Git & GitHub Learning Resources

Techmiya curates and cross-references official documentation and interactive platforms so learners can continue independent study with verified authorities.

Open Source Interactive PlatformAll Levels

Learn Git Branching

  • ✓Visualize Git branching and commit trees interactively
  • ✓Master branch switching, fast-forward merges, and three-way merges
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHubBeginner

GitHub Skills Interactive Courses

  • ✓Learn Git and GitHub through hands-on repository challenges
  • ✓Practice GitHub Flow in real repositories
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
MicrosoftBeginner

VS Code Source Control (Git Integration)

  • ✓Use Git visually directly inside Visual Studio Code
  • ✓Stage, commit, and push changes using VS Code UI
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
Scott Chacon & Ben Straub (Official)All Levels

Pro Git Book (2nd Edition)

  • ✓Comprehensive deep dive into Git architecture and commands
  • ✓Understand Git internals: blobs, trees, commits, and refs
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
Git Core TeamAll Levels

Official Git Documentation & Reference

  • ✓Authoritative reference for all Git CLI commands and flags
  • ✓Understand command syntax, flags, and return codes
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub DocsBeginner

GitHub Flow Guide

  • ✓Master branch-based development workflow
  • ✓Learn team collaboration rules: branch, commit, pull request, discuss, merge, deploy
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHubAll Levels

GitHub Official Documentation

  • ✓Complete guide to repositories, issues, PRs, wikis, and projects
  • ✓Configure branch protection rules, code owners, and repository security
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
Microsoft LearnIntermediate

Microsoft Learn: GitHub Learning Paths

  • ✓Enterprise GitHub fundamentals and DevOps integration
  • ✓Manage repository security and secret scanning with GitHub Advanced Security
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub SkillsBeginner

GitHub Skills: Review Pull Requests

  • ✓Learn the art of reviewing teammate pull requests
  • ✓Leave actionable line-by-line comments, suggestions, and approvals
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub SkillsBeginner

GitHub Skills: Introduction to GitHub

  • ✓Create your first GitHub repository from scratch
  • ✓Communicate with markdown and manage issues
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub SkillsIntermediate

GitHub Skills: Hello GitHub Actions

  • ✓Understand CI/CD automation concepts with GitHub Actions
  • ✓Write your first workflow YAML file (.github/workflows)
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub SkillsIntermediate

GitHub Skills: Test with Actions

  • ✓Run automated unit and integration tests on every pull request
  • ✓Set up continuous integration pipelines for Python and Node.js
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub DocsAdvanced

GitHub Actions Official Documentation

  • ✓Master workflow syntax, matrix builds, job concurrency, and runners
  • ✓Manage encrypted repository secrets and environment variables securely
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
GitHub SkillsAdvanced

GitHub Skills: Publish Packages

  • ✓Automate software releases and tag generation
  • ✓Publish artifacts to GitHub Packages registry (npm, PyPI, Docker)
Reviewed: 2026-10-11Verified Link
50-Mark Assessment Criteria

Grade Boundaries & Certification Policy

Certification is strictly earned based on verified course completion and passing the 50-mark final assessment. Passing score is 31 marks (62%).

Score (out of 50)GradeStatusCertificate
46 – 50A+ExcellentEligible ✓
41 – 45AVery GoodEligible ✓
36 – 40BGoodEligible ✓
31 – 35B+PassEligible ✓
0 – 30Not PassedRetake requiredUnavailable

Certification Eligibility Rules:

  • 1100 Curriculum Units: Every single lesson ID in the course must be completed.
  • 215 Practical Labs: All designated interactive lab scenarios must be completed.
  • 350-Mark Assessment: Submit the 30-question final exam and score at least 31 marks.
  • 4Downloadable PDF: Client-side high-resolution verified PDF with unique certificate ID.
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